Design And Development Of Ergonomic Table And Analyze Using RULA Analysis

@#Ergonomics and design have made the greatest relation in producing an artifact or creating a workplace. A computer table is widely used in classrooms in universities. However, the problems of the current computer table have been detected through the results of RULA analysis. In this project, a survey of the questionnaire was done and the anthropometric data have also been collected. The dimensions of the current computer table are then collected and the deficiencies of the current computer table have been focused on RULA analysis. A new structural design of the computer table has been designed, in order to meet the requirements of ergonomics. A product of the new design of ergonomics computer table is made and has been focused on RULA analysis to define the improvement between both tables. The paper showed a comparison between the current computer table and the new ergonomics computer table were analyzed. The improvement of the new ergonomics computer table was identified and reduced the injuries and disorders. A further investigation on better working posture when using a computer table is required, while further improvement for the product design of a new ergonomics computer table is needed, as well as the application of the ergonomics design aspect in our life.

The Study Of Seating Pressure On Car Seat Between Two National Cars

@#The main objective of this research is to compare the seating pressure during the driving session between two different types of national cars. The objective of this research is to conduct object pressure distribution study on two different types of car seat using CONFORMat (model 5330) with system model CER2, compare and analyse the results based on object pressure between both car seat. Twelve respondents participated a driving session with TekscanCONFORMat (model 5330) setup using the same route for both national car. We select two types of national cars equipped with automatic transmission for this research. The seat pressure on the subject along the journey is recorded using TekscanCONFORMat Research 7.60 software. Later, comparison made with respect to the seat pressure experiencedby twelve respondents. The results shows different values of backand seat pressure recorded among the twelve subjects. Lastly, the results are analysedand discussed at the end of this paper. Model B seat design has better ability to distribute evenly the pressure to both seat and back. However, results for Model A showed the pressure is more concentrated on the seat area.

The Study of Seating Pressure on Car Seat between Two National Cars

The main objective of this research is to compare the seating pressure during the driving session between twodifferent types of national cars. The objective of this research is to conduct object pressure distribution study ontwo different types of car seat using CONFORMat (model 5330) with system model CER2, compare and analyse theresults based on object pressure between both car seat. Twelve respondents participated a driving session withTekscanCONFORMat (model 5330) setup using the same route for both national car. We select two types of nationalcars equipped with automatic transmission for this research. The seat pressure on the subject along the journey isrecorded using TekscanCONFORMat Research 7.60 software. Later, comparison made with respect to the seatpressure experiencedby twelve respondents. The results shows different values of backand seat pressure recordedamong the twelve subjects. Lastly, the results are analysedand discussed at the end of this paper. Model B seatdesign has better ability to distribute evenly the pressure to both seat and back. However, results for Model Ashowed the pressure is more concentrated on the seat area.

Comparative Study Of Dynamic Hip Screw And Trochanteric Nail For Management Of Stable Intertrochanteric Fracture.

Background& objectives : Intertrochanteric fractures of hip are relatively one of the common fractures and it is imposing a huge burden on patients in terms of medical expenses and morbidity .A sliding hip screw (DHS) and trochanteric nail (TN) both are described for fixation of these fractures. The discussion about the selection of ideal implant is controversial in terms of outcomes in various studies. Methods: Ninety patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated in our hospital from Jan 2009 to Dec 2011. All AO 31-A1 patients who were between 40-80 years old were included to compare Dynamic hip screw and Trochanteric nail in the management of intertrochanteric fractures by analyzing operative time, duration of hospital stay, complications, time taken to union and post operative mobility. 63 patients were enrolled in DHS group and 27 were enrolled in intertrochanteric nail group.Results: Patients treated with DHS had shorter operative time ,less radiological exposure ,easy reduction and fewer intraoperative and postoperative complications .Implant failure and non union was noted in one out of twenty seven patients treated with trochanteric nail group.Interpretation & Conclusions : The analysis of our study supports the use of DHS rather than trochanteric nail for the treatment of stable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.

Novel ATRX gene damaging missense mutation c.6740A>C segregates with profound to severe intellectual deficiency without alpha thalassaemia.

Background & objectives: ATRX is a recessive X-linked intellectual deficiency (X-LID) gene causing predominately alpha-thalassaemia with a wide and clinically heterogeneous spectrum of intellectual deficiency syndromes. Although alpha-thalassaemia is commonly present, some patients do not express this sign despite the ATRX gene being altered. Most pathological mutations have been localized in two different major domains, the helicase and the plant homeo-domain (PHD)-like domain. In this study we examined a family of three males having an X-linked mental deficiency and developmental delay, and tried to establish a genetic diagnosis while discussing and comparing the phenotype of our patients to those reported in the literature. Methods: Three related males with intellectual deficiency underwent clinical investigations. We performed a karyotype analysis, CGH-array, linkage study, and X-exome sequencing in the index case to identify the genetic origin of this disorder. The X-inactivation study was carried out in the mother and Sanger sequencing was achieved in all family members to confirm the mutation. Results: A novel ATRX gene missense mutation (p.His2247Pro) was identified in a family of two uncles and their nephew manifesting intellectual deficiency and specific facial features without alpha-thalassaemia. The mutation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. It segregated with the pathological phenotype. The mother and her two daughters were found to be heterozygous. Interpretation & conclusions: The novel mutation c.6740A>C was identified within the ATRX gene helicase domain and confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the three affected males as well as in the mother and her two daughters. This mutation was predicted to be damaging and deleterious. The novel mutation segregated with the phenotype without alpha-thalassaemia and with non-skewed X chromosome.

Assessment of antinociceptive, antipyretic and antimicrobial activity of Piper cubeba L. essential oil in animal models

This study was designed to investigate the possible antiniciceptive, antipyretic and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil obtained from the fruits of Piper Cubeba [L.]. To assess the antinociceptive and antipyretic activities, three doses [150, 300 and 600 mg/kg, i.p.] were tested in acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, tail flick reaction and hot-plate and Brewer's yeast-induced hyperpyrexia test models in animals. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity was examined using agar diffusion method and broth micro-dilution assay for minimum inhibitory concentrations [MIC]. The Piper Cubeba essential oil [PCEO] showed a marked antinociception [17, 30 and 54%] and an increase in reaction time in mice in the flick tailed and hot-plate tests. The brewer's yeast induced hyperpyrexia was decreased in a dose dependent manner. PCEO also exhibited a strong antimicrobial potential. These findings confirm the traditional analgesic indications of P. cubeba oil and provide persuasive evidence and support its use in Arab traditional medicine

Comparison of medical vs surgical management of missed abortion

Objective: to compare the outcome of medical vs. surgical management of missed abortion in terms of success rate and complications

Material and Methods: all the participants were admitted in hospital gynecology ward and were divided into two groups. 55 women were randomly selected to undergo surgical management i.e. D and C and 75 women to receive medical treatment with oral misoprostol 400?gm thrice daily for 2 days. If the patient did not expel products of conception during 48 hours, her medical management was considered to be failed and surgical evacuation was done. Data collection was done on a structured Performa which was then entered on excel Data sheet and analyzed on spss20 statistical package

Results: Surgical management was successful in 100% cases. Complications were more with surgical management i.e. nausea, vomiting, postoperative fever, lower abdominal pain, excessive bleeding, need for blood transfusion and genital tract trauma. Medical management had a lower success rate, evacuation was sometimes incomplete and patient had to experience labor pains but it had lower complication rate. D and C was easier in medical management group. Patient acceptability was more for medical group

Conclusion: surgical management has a high success rate but its complications are more as compared to medical management. Surgical evacuation as first line treatment option is only suitable for a woman who does not wish to undergo labor discomfort .Medical termination is -easier to manage, more natural, associated with least complications and more acceptable by the patients but its success rate is slightly less as compared to surgical intervention. Hence each patient should be given the chance of medical termination for at least two days and if she does not expel products of conception spontaneously during this time, then only surgical evacuation should be done

Quantification of glycyrrhizin in anti-stress herbal formulations by validate HPTLC method: a rational paradigm towards quality control of herbals

In the present study an analytical method of high-performance thin-layer chromatography [HPTLC] has been developed for quantification of glycyrrhizin for marketed antistress liquorice root capsules [LRC] and herbal tea [HT]. Chromatography was performed by using mobile phase ethyl acetate [EA]: glacial acetic acid [GAA]: Methanol [MeOH]: water [H2O] in proportion of 6:2:2:1, v/v/v/v. The developed plate was scanned and quantified densitometrically at absorption maxima 254nm. The method was validated for various analytical parameters viz. precision, accuracy, recovery, robustness, specificity, detection and quantification limits. The developed system was found to give compact spot for glycyrrhizin [Rf = 0.33 +/- 0.001]. The linearity relationship was described by the equation Y=6.841X+ 70.428. The limit of detection [34 ng band-1], limit of quantification [101ng band-1], recovery [99.4-99.8%], and precision [

Measurement of plasma fibrinogen level in healthy smokers to predict the risk of cardiovascular disease

To ascertain the association of smoking with high fibrinogen level and to necessitate the inclusion of fibrinogen level measurement in cardiovascular risk profile. cross sectional study. This study was carried out in Hematology section of Pathology Department of Government Lady Reading Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from June 2011 to December 2011. Plasma fibrinogen level was measured in 250 healthy male smokers and 250 non smokers as controls by Claus method using Coagulation analyzer Sysmex 530. All subjects were in age group between 25-55 years. Smokers were categorized into light, moderate and heavy smokers on the basis of number of cigarettes smoked per day. Comparison of plasma fibrinogen level of light, moderate and heavy smokers to the plasma fibrinogen level of non-smokers controls showed highly significant results [p-value 0.002, 0.001 and 0.001 respectively] by using t-test. Similarly comparison of plasma fibrinogen level of light to moderate, light to heavy and moderate to heavy also showed highly significant results [p-value 0.001, 0.001 and 0.002, respectively]. Smoking is the major factor rising plasma fibrinogen level in smokers and predisposes them to cardiovascular diseases. Fibrinogen level rises as the smoking intensity increases Plasma fibrinogen level assessment should be included in cardiovascular risk profile in general and in smokers in particular

Evaluation of procumbent and storage of medicine at rural health centers in district Chiniot

Objective: to assess the process of procurement and storage of medicines at rural health centers [RH Cs] in District Chiniot

Material and Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted. All 5 RHCs in the District were included in the study and in charge of the RH Cs were interviewed on a prescribed questionnaire to assess the procurement of medicines. The condition of stores was assessed by a separate structured check list

Results: eighty percent of the officers in charge were Senior Medical Officers, 40% had post-graduation qualification and majority had 15-20 years' experience. 20% had less than 1 year experience in purchase. Forty percent had Pull and Push both drug procurement systems and 100% calculated their demand on the basis of average monthly consumption, buffer stock and review period basis. All procured major chunk of medicine through District Medical Store but purchase from local market and petty purchases were also made to meet the demand of the patients. Tender was called, and the rate contract was done by District Health Authority and all in charges submitted their demands and supply orders. Majority [80%] of them accepted the drug having more than 75% shelf life. Eighty percent had more than 1 drug store at their health facility and only 40% had got the store white washed annually. 100% maintained their stock by following FIFO and FEFO methods. Despite only 40% received budget in time, 80% utilized the budget 100% and only 60% faced some sort of audit paras. Custodian of RH Cs were dispensers at 100% RHCs. 60% in charges had got logistics management training for less than 2 weeks whereas none of the store keeper had got any such training. None of the store had adequate space i.e. 250 sq. ft. 20% stores had leaking roofs. 60% stores had pellets, shelves and racks. Space between stacks and wall was not present in any of these stores. In majority 80% stores the cartons were placed on the floor instead of on the racks. To maintain the cold chain and storage temperature of controlled items, functional refrigerator was present in 80% stores, whereas deep freezer was present in only 20% stores. Tripping and power supply failure is very important issue especially in rural areas. Generators were present in 40% RH Cs out of which 20% was not functional. Cleanliness was satisfactory in 100% stores. None of the store was white washed. Exhaust fans were not present in any of these stores. Direct sunlight was not coming into 80% stores. Cross ventilation was ensured in only 60% stores and 80% stores had separate cool place for temperature controlled items. At 100% RH Cs stock registers were maintained but stock was physically present as per record at only 20% RH Cs. Physical verification of stock by in charge, DOH or EDOH was conducted at 80% RHCs during the year. Major issues / constraints at RHCs were: delay in budget provision and rate contract, insufficient store space and difficulty in unloading the stock

Conclusion: these results indicate that although the in charges had successfully completed the process of procurement, yet there is need for logistics management training. As the store space is insufficient at all RHCs, there is need to build new medicine stores according to the international standards at all RHCs. Timely provision of efficient drugs at RHCs will decrease the morbidity and mortality in the rural commun1ty and will help reduce the poverty

Hemisection: an option to treat apically fractured and dislodged part of a mesial root of a molar

This is a case report of a lady who was worried about the presence of a small tooth like structure in the area adjacent to root treated left mandibular first molar. Intra-oral X-ray showed that it was an apically fractured part of the mesial root of the molar lodged in the buccal sulcus. The tooth was hemisected and mesial root was removed along with the dislodged part. A three unit bridge combining the hemisected root and adjacent second premolar was inserted which is successfully in service for more than a year

Renal replacement lipomatosis with coexisting xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a pregnant woman

Renal replacement lipomatosis of the kidney is a rare entity characterized by renal sinus and perirenal fat proliferation often caused by renal calculi. Most of the renal parenchyma is replaced by fat and the kidney is usually small, atrophic and nonfunctioning. We report magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography findings of a pregnant woman with Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and renal replacement lipomatosis coexisting in the same kidney

use of hen's egg test -chorioallantoic membrane as a model to evaluate the potential eye irritation of herbicide [Tribenuron-Methyl]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential eye irritation of herbicide [tribenuron-methyl] at concentrations [0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03%, w/v] by using the Hen's Egg Test -Chorioallantoic membrane test [HET-CAM] test. According to the our results tribenuron-methyl was classified as non-irritant to eye at concentration [0.01%, w/v] that is recommend by manufacture of herbicide because its doesn't induced any visible changes in the chorioallantoic vessel like [Hyperemia, Hemorrhage, Clotting] thus, the total scores of irritation were [0]. As well as, the increasing concentrations of herbicide at [0.02%, 0.03%, w/v] doesn't induced any vascular injury in [CAM]. In contrast, the N 0.1 NaOH [Positive control] was classified as strongly irritant because its was induced intense hemorrhage with opaque on [CAM] thus, the total scores of irritation were increased to [14]. Physiological saline [0.9% NaCl] [Negative control] doesn't induced any irritant effects in the chorioallantoic vessel thus; the total scores of irritation were [0] and classified as non - irritant for eye. We conclude that, the [HET-CAM] test has been shown to be most suitable for use as a model for evaluating the potential eye irritation of herbicide due to its sensitivity, rapidity and inexpensive as well as reduces the requirement for laboratory animals

Utility of bad [aegle marmelos linn.] in unani medicine

Bael [Aegle marmelos] is an important medicinal plant used in Unani System of medicine, which is cultivated throughout India. It is popularized for having antidiarrhoeal and antidysenteric activity. The present paper is an attempt to summarize the pharmacological actions and medicinal uses of the BaeI plant mentioned in Unani medical literature as well as in currently reported studies

Ambiguity in the nomenclature of medicinal plants used in Unani medicine

Due to ambiguity in the names of Unani Medicinal Plants, overlapping of data may occur in chemical or pharmacological informations where the botanical identity of market sample of crude drug taken up for research is not ascertained. The authentication of botanical source of plant material taken up for medicinal use is also necessary to maintain efficacy of the unani drugs. The botanical identity of many such controversial plants is yet to be resolved. In the present communication, an attempt has been made to compile a list of such plants which are known in the literature or sold in Indian markets by different names and vis-c-vis